-
1 Abt, Roman
[br]b. 17 July 1850 Bünzen, Switzerlandd. 1 May 1933 Lucerne, Switzerland[br]Swiss locomotive engineer, inventor of the Abt rack rail system.[br]Abt trained under N. Riggenbach and worked for his short-lived International Company for Mountain Railways during the 1870s, and subsequently invented the Abt rack system as an improvement on Riggenbach's ladder rack, in which the rungs gave trouble by working loose. Abt's rack system, in what became its usual form, comprises two machined racks side by side with their teeth staggered so that a tooth in one rack is opposite a recess in the other, and at least one tooth is always engaged with a locomotive's driving pinions. This system was first used in 1884 on the mixed rack-and-adhesion Harz Railway in Germany, and then largely superseded Riggenbach's system for new rack railways built worldwide to an eventual total of seventy-two, including the Snowdon Mountain Railway in the UK that was built in the 1890s. In many cases Abt himself designed locomotives and rolling stock, and supervised their construction.[br]Bibliography1877–8, Abstract in Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. 52 (part II) (abstract of a paper given by Abt in which he described eight Riggenbach system railways then operating; his own system was patented in 1882).Further ReadingJ.Marshall, 1978, A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.O.J.Morris, 1951, Snowdon Mountain Railway, Ian Allan.PJGR -
2 Land transport
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Austin, HerbertHamilton, Harold LeeIssigonis, Sir Alexander Arnold ConstantineMa JunMorris, William RichardSauerbrun, Charles de -
3 Railways and locomotives
Biographical history of technology > Railways and locomotives
-
4 Riggenbach, Niklaus
[br]b. 21 May 1817 Gebweiler, Alsaced. 25 July 1899 Olten, Switzerland[br]Swiss locomotive engineer and pioneer of mountain rack railways.[br]Riggenbach came from a Basle family and was educated in Basle, Lyons and Paris, where he was so impressed by the new railway to Saint-Germain that he decided to devote himself to work in that field. He worked for Kessler's locomotive works in Karlsruhe, which built the first locomotives for the Zurich-Baden Railway. This was the first railway in Switzerland and when it was opened in 1847 Riggenbach drove the first train. He subsequently became Locomotive Superintendent of the Swiss Central Railway, and the problems of operating a steeply graded line solely by adhesion led him to develop a rack railway which incorporated a ladder rack similar to that of Sylvester Marsh. However, it was only after the Swiss Consul in Washington had reported enthusiastically on the Mount Washington Cog Railway that Riggenbach and associates were able to get a concession for their first line, which was laid up the Rigi mountain and was opened in 1871. That same year Riggenbach opened a quarry railway operated for the first time by a mixture of rack and adhesion. From this start, rack railways were built widely in Switzerland and to a lesser extent in many other parts of the world. His Rigi railway continues to operate.[br]BibliographyRiggenbach patented his rack railway in 1863.Further ReadingRiggenbach's type of counter-pressure brakes is described in Transactions of the Newcomen Society 55:13.M.Dietschy, 1971, "Le Chemin de fer du Rigi à 100 ans", Chemins defer régionaux eturbains 106.O.J.Morris, 1951, The Snow don Mountain Railway, Ian Allan.See also: Abt, RomanPJGR -
5 ἀπογραφή
ἀπογραφή, ῆς, ἡ (s. ἀπογράφω; Lysias, Pla. et al.; SIG 1023, 45 and 71; 1109, 34; 1157, 33, OGI 338, 11 and 34; very freq. pap; LXX, EpArist, Joseph.; Just., A I, 34, 2, D. 78, 4) administrative term ‘list, inventory’ of the statistical reports and declarations of citizens for the purpose of completing the tax lists and family registers (s. Mitt-Wilck. I/1 175f; 178; 202ff; 225ff, I/2 198ff, esp. 202, the census edict of C. Vibius Maximus, 104 A.D. [=PLond III, 904, 25f, restored]; on this Dssm., LO 231f [LAE 268f]). Lk 2:2 the word means census, registration, of the census taken by Quirinius. Joseph. puts a census taken by Q. in 6/7 A.D. (cp. Jos., Bell. 7, 253, Ant. 18, 3). Presumably Ac 5:37 ἐν τ. ἡμέραις τ. ἀπογραφῆς also refers to this census. The chronology is full of problems, on which see the handbooks. See Schürer I 399–427 (lit.); Ramsay, Bearing 238ff; Zahn, Lk 129–35 and Exk. IV; EKlostermann, Hdb. on Lk 2:1–3; M-JLagrange, RB n.s. 8, 1911, 60–84; EGroag, Prosopogr. Beitr. VII (JÖAI 21/22, 1924 Beiblatt, cols. 445–78); HWindisch, NThT 16, 1927, 106–24; AvPremerstein, Ztschr. d. Savigny-Stiftg. f. Rechtsgeschichte 48, 1928, Rom. Abt. 449ff; LRTaylor, AJP 54, ’33, 120–33; RSyme, The Roman Revolution ’39, 397–401; ESeraphin, CBQ 7, ’45, 91–96; FHauck, Theol. Hndkomm., Lk p. 37; Goodsp., Probs. 71f; MHombert-CPréaux, Recherches sur le recensement dans l’Egypte romaine, ’52; EStauffer, Jesus, Gestalt u. Geschichte, ’57, Die Dauer des Census Augusti: Studien zum NT u. zur Patristik, ’61, 9–34; HInstinsky, D. Jahr der Geburt Christi, ’57; HBraunert, Historia 6, ’57, 192–214, Cives Romani und ΚΑΤʼ ΟΙΚΙΑΝ ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΑΙ: Antidoron MDavid in Papyrologica Lugd.-Bat. vol. 17, ’68, 11–21 (lit.; EStauffer, Festschr. Klostermann ’61, 9ff; JThorley, The Nativity Census: What Does Luke Actually Say?: Greece and Rome, ser. 2, 26, ’79, 81–84; Haenchen ad loc.; BPalme, ProBib 2, ’93, 1–24). S. also on ἡγεμονεύω and Κυρήνιος.—Boffo, Iscrizioni 182f (lit.). New Docs 6, 115–19. DELG s.v. γράφω. M-M.
См. также в других словарях:
ABT — ist die Bezeichnung für einen Klostervorsteher; siehe Hauptartikel Abt Abt ist auch der Familienname folgender Personen: Alexander Wiktorowitsch Abt (* 1976), russischer Eiskunstläufer Anina Abt Stein (* 1988), deutsche Schauspielerin Anton Abt… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Roman Märkl — Wappen von Abt Roman Märkl (rechts) über dem Portal der von ihm barock erneuerten Klosterkirche in Metten (links das Wappen des Klosters) Roman Märkl OSB, Taufname Johannes Christoph (* 9. Mai 1659 in Straubing; † 10. April 1744 in M … Deutsch Wikipedia
Abt'sche Ausweiche — Abtsche Weiche der Petřín Standseilbahn (Tschechien) Abtsche Weiche der Skansens Bergbana (Schweden) … Deutsch Wikipedia
Abt'sche Weiche — Abtsche Weiche der Petřín Standseilbahn (Tschechien) Abtsche Weiche der Skansens Bergbana (Schweden) … Deutsch Wikipedia
Abt (Begriffsklärung) — Abt ist: die Bezeichnung für einen Klostervorsteher, siehe Abt Abt ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Adam Abt (1885–1918), deutscher Klassischer Philologe Alexander Abt (Offizier) (1892–1970), deutscher Offizier, General der Wehrmacht… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Roman Abt — ist der Name folgender Personen: Roman Abt (Grossrat) (1810–1885), Schweizer Fabrikant und Grossrat Roman Abt (Nationalrat) (1883–1942), Schweizer Anwalt, Grossrat und Nationalrat Siehe auch: Carl Roman Abt (1850–1933), Schweizer… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Abt — is the German, Dutch and Estonian word for the regular clerical title of Abbot. It is also a common surname, derived from that title.Abt, as a name, may refer to:* Alexander Abt, Russian figure skater and coach * Carl Roman Abt, Swiss mechanical… … Wikipedia
Roman Hinterhöller — OSB (Taufname: Georg Hinterhöller; * 1. Dezember 1912 in Salzburg Maxglan; † 23. August 1989 in St. Georgen bei Salzburg) war ein Benediktinermönch und 54. Abt der Benediktinerabtei Michaelbeuern. Leben Er wurde als siebtes Kind einer… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Abt Jerusalem — Abt Jerusalem. Stich vermutlich von Daniel Chodowiecki. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem (* 22. November 1709 in Osnabrück; † 2. September 1789 in Braunschweig), auch „Abt Jerusalem“ genannt, war ein deutscher protestantischer Theologe … Deutsch Wikipedia
Abt — [apt], der; [e]s, Äbte [ ɛptə]: Vorsteher eines Mönchsklosters: die Mönche wählen einen neuen Abt. * * * Ạbt 〈m. 1u〉 Vorsteher eines Klosters [<ahd. abbat, engl. abbot <lat. abbatum, Akk. zu abbas (kirchenlat. 4. Jh.) <bibelgrch. abbas… … Universal-Lexikon
abt system — ˈäp(t)ˌs , ˈa noun Usage: usually capitalized A Etymology: after Roman Abt died 1933 Swiss railroad engineer who devised it : a system of tracking for mountain railroads in which two or more cograils are used and so arranged that the teeth are… … Useful english dictionary
